February 3/Washington/Hindustan Times -- A study by food scientists has found that when coffee is roasted to a dark brown it produces very valuable antioxidants.

Researchers at the University of British Columbia have been able to trace the complex chemistry behind coffee's much touted antioxidant benefits, and they found it all depends on the roasting process.

Lead author Yazheng Liu and co-author Prof. David Kitts found that the prevailing antioxidants present in dark roasted coffee brew extracts result from the green beans being browned under high temperatures.

Liu and Kitts analyzed the complex mixture of chemical compounds produced during the bean's browning process, called the "Maillard reaction."

The term refers to the work by French chemist Louis-Camille Maillard who in the 1900s looked at how heat affects the carbohydrates, sugars and proteins in food, such as when grilling steaks or toasting bread.

Antioxidants aid in removing free radicals, the end products of metabolism which have been linked to the aging process.

"Previous studies suggested that antioxidants in coffee could be traced to caffeine or the chlorogenic acid found in green coffee beans, but our results clearly show that the Maillard reaction is the main source of antioxidants," Liu, an MSc student in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems (LFS) said.

"We found, for example, that coffee beans lose 90% of their chlorogenic acid during the roasting process," Kitts, LFS food science professor and director of the Food, Nutrition and Health program, added.

The UBC study sheds light on an area of research that has yielded largely inconsistent findings.

While some scientists report increased antioxidant activity in coffee made from dark roasted beans, others found a decrease. Yet other theories insist that medium roast coffees yield the highest level of antioxidant activity.

Their findings will appear in a forthcoming issue of Food Research International.

From the February 7, 2011, Prepared Foods E-dition